Ranitidine

What is ranitidine?

Ranitidine is an H2 receptor antagonist (a type of acid reducer) used to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and small intestines in dogs and cats. It is also used to treat erosive gastritis, esophagitis, and esophageal reflux (stress-related, kidney-disease-related, or drug-induced) in dogs and cats.

Ranitidine may be used to stimulate bowel activity and stomach contractions in cats and rabbits. It may also be used in rabbits to treat stomach ulcers and in ferrets to treat Helicobacter mustelae. The medication works by reducing the amount of acid secreted in the stomach.

In some countries, ranitidine is available over the counter, but you should only give it to your pet if your veterinarian prescribes it. The use of ranitidine in dogs, cats, and other animals is off label (extra label). Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. “Off label” means the drug is being used in a way that has not been reviewed or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Health Canada. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions carefully, as they may be significantly different from those on the label.

How is ranitidine given?

• Ranitidine is available as a tablet, capsule, oral syrup, and an injectable form. Your veterinarian will administer the injectable form.
• Measure liquid forms carefully.
• Ranitidine works best when given by mouth, on an empty stomach, before the first meal of the day.
• If your pet vomits after receiving the medication, try giving it with a small amount of food.
• Follow the dosing instructions provided by your veterinarian.
• Do not stop giving the medication before the therapy is complete, as it may cause the condition to return.

This medication should take effect within one to two hours; however, effects may not be noted outwardly.

What if I miss giving my pet the medication?

If you miss a dose, do not give it when you remember. Instead, wait and give the next dose at the usual time. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses. It is very important to give the medication for the length of time your veterinarian has recommended. Do not stop giving the medication to your pet without first speaking with your veterinarian.

Are there any potential side effects?

Ranitidine may cause the following side effects:

• Pain at the injection site (if the medication is injected)

Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

DO NOT USE ranitidine in:

• Pets with an allergy to it or similar drugs, such as famotidine or cimetidine

USE WITH CAUTION in:

• Pets that are pregnant or nursing
• Pets with kidney or liver disease

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

Several medications should be used with caution when given with ranitidine, including:

• Antacids
• Cephalosporins
• Certain antifungals
• Certain heart medications
• Propantheline

Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, and herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any treatment.

Is any monitoring needed with this medication?

• Your veterinarian will let you know when and how they want to reassess your pet to ensure the medication is working and not causing side effects.
• At home, monitor for any side effects such as those noted above. If any occur, stop using the medication and contact your veterinarian.

How do I store ranitidine?

• Store ranitidine tablets and capsules in a tightly sealed, light-resistant container, at room temperature of 68°F-77°F (20°C-25°C).
• Store liquid ranitidine as recommended on the label and discard by the date shown on the bottle.
• Store compounded forms of this medication according to the label.
• Keep the container out of reach of children and pets.

What should I do in case of an emergency?

Very high doses of ranitidine can cause toxic effects. If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet's weight and symptoms.