Nitenpyram

What is nitenpyram?

Nitenpyram (brand names: Capstar®, Bestguard®) is a systemic insecticide used to treat adult flea infestations. It may also be effective in treating fly larvae (maggots).

While use in cats and dogs is on label, its use in reptiles to treat maggots is off label (extra label). Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. “Off label” means the drug is being used in a way that has not been reviewed or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Health Canada. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions carefully, as they may be significantly different from those on the label.

How quickly does it kill fleas?

Fleas begin to die approximately 30 minutes after dosing, and the effects will last up to 24–48 hours.

How is nitenpyram given?

• Nitenpyram is given by mouth in the form of a tablet.
• Give this medication with a meal.

This medication will take effect quickly, in about 1 to 2 hours, and improvement in clinical signs should follow.

What if I miss giving my pet the medication?

If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember, and then wait the recommended time for the next dose, as prescribed by your veterinarian. Do not give the pet two doses at once.

Are there any potential side effects?

Nitenpyram may rarely cause the following side effects:

• Increased or decreased energy
• Itching
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Lack of appetite 

Serious adverse reactions may occur. If any of the following signs develop, stop giving nitenpyram and contact your veterinarian immediately:

• Trouble breathing
• Drooling
• Stumbling
• Weakness
• Seizures
• Hives
• Excessive panting
• Big pupils

Drug sensitivities can develop over time, with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment. Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately. This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

DO NOT USE nitenpyram in:

• Pets that are allergic to it
• Pets that weigh under 2 pounds
• Pets younger than 4 weeks old

USE WITH CAUTION in

• Pets between 4 and 8 weeks of age
• Pets that are thin or debilitated
• Pets that are pregnant or nursing (use is likely safe)

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

There are no documented drug interactions for nitenpyram. Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any new treatment.

Is any monitoring needed with this medication?

• Your veterinarian will let you know when and how they want to reassess your pet to ensure the medication is working and not causing side effects.
• At home, monitor for any side effects such as those noted above. If any occur, stop using the medication and contact your veterinarian.

How do I store nitenpyram?

• Store the tablets at room temperature, between 59°F and 77°F (15°C and 25°C ), protected from light.
• Keep the container out of reach of children and pets.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet’s weight and symptoms.